CVE-2025-40190

ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update

CVE-2025-40190 is fixed in 81 products on 1 platform, first by DEBIAN-CVE-2025-40190, released November 12, 2025. It is not reported as exploited. Patch Radar priority: High.

High
CVSS
7.8
Important
Exploitation
None reported
No vendor assessment
CISA KEV
Not listed
Not in the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog
EPSS
0.0018
7th percentile

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update syzkaller found a path where ext4_xattr_inode_update_ref() reads an EA inode refcount that is already <= 0 and then applies ref_change (often -1). That lets the refcount underflow and we proceed with a bogus value, triggering errors like: EXT4-fs error: EA inode <n> ref underflow: ref_count=-1 ref_change=-1 EXT4-fs warning: ea_inode dec ref err=-117 Make the invariant explicit: if the current refcount is non-positive, treat this as on-disk corruption, emit ext4_error_inode(), and fail the operation with -EFSCORRUPTED instead of updating the refcount. Delete the WARN_ONCE() as negative refcounts are now impossible; keep error reporting in ext4_error_inode(). This prevents the underflow and the follow-on orphan/cleanup churn.

Where it's fixed

ProductFixed inFixReleased
Linux
bpftool · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
bpftool · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
bpftool · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
bpftool-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
bpftool6.12 · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
bpftool6.12-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
dtb-aarch64 · opensuse-leap 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
kernel-64kb · opensuse-leap 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-64kb · sles 15.7 6.4.0-150700.53.28.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1 Jan 28, 2026
kernel-64kb · sles 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20220-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-azure · opensuse-leap 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-azure · sles 15.7 6.4.0-150700.20.24.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0281-1 Jan 23, 2026
kernel-azure · sles 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20220-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
kernel-default · opensuse-leap 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-default · sles 15.7 6.4.0-150700.53.28.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1 Jan 28, 2026
kernel-default · sles 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20220-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-default-base · opensuse-leap 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1.160000.2.6 OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-default-base · sles 15.7 6.4.0-150700.53.28.1.150700.17.19.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1 Jan 28, 2026
kernel-default-base · sles 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1.160000.2.6 SUSE-SU-2026:20220-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-devel · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
kernel-docs · opensuse-leap 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-docs · sles 15.7 6.4.0-150700.53.28.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1 Jan 28, 2026
kernel-docs · sles 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20220-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-headers · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
kernel-kvmsmall · opensuse-leap 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-kvmsmall · sles 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20220-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-libbpf · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
kernel-libbpf-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
kernel-libbpf-devel · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
kernel-libbpf-static · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
kernel-livepatch-6.1.158-178.288 · amzn 2023 1:1.0-0.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
kernel-livepatch-6.12.55-74.119 · amzn 2023 1:1.0-0.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_8 · sles 15.7 1-150700.1.3.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0278-1 Jan 23, 2026
kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_8 · sles 15.7 1-150700.15.3.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1 Jan 28, 2026
kernel-modules-extra · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
kernel-modules-extra-common · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
kernel-obs-build · opensuse-leap 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-obs-build · sles 15.7 6.4.0-150700.53.28.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1 Jan 28, 2026
kernel-obs-qa · opensuse-leap 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-obs-qa · sles 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20220-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-rt · opensuse-leap 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-source · opensuse-leap 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-source · sles 15.7 6.4.0-150700.53.28.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1 Jan 28, 2026
kernel-source · sles 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20220-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-source-azure · sles 15.7 6.4.0-150700.20.24.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0281-1 Jan 23, 2026
kernel-syms · opensuse-leap 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-syms · sles 15.7 6.4.0-150700.53.28.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1 Jan 28, 2026
kernel-syms · sles 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20220-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-syms-azure · sles 15.7 6.4.0-150700.20.24.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0281-1 Jan 23, 2026
kernel-tools · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
kernel-tools-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
kernel-tools-devel · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
kernel-uek · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-container · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-container · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-container-debug · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-container-debug · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-core · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-core · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-debug · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-debug · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-debug-core · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-debug-core · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-debug-devel · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-debug-devel · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-debug-modules · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-debug-modules · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-debug-modules-extra · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-debug-modules-extra · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-devel · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-devel · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-doc · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-doc · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-modules · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-modules · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-modules-extra · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-modules-extra · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek-tools · ol 8 0:5.4.17-2136.350.3.1.el7uek ELSA-2025-28049 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek64k · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek64k · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek64k-core · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek64k-core · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek64k-devel · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek64k-devel · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek64k-modules · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek64k-modules · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek64k-modules-extra · ol 8 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-uek64k-modules-extra · ol 9 0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek ELSA-2025-28048 Dec 12, 2025
kernel-zfcpdump · opensuse-leap 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel-zfcpdump · sles 15.7 6.4.0-150700.53.28.1 SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1 Jan 28, 2026
kernel-zfcpdump · sles 16.0 6.12.0-160000.9.1 SUSE-SU-2026:20220-1 Feb 2, 2026
kernel6.12 · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
kernel6.12-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-aarch64 · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-x86_64 · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
kernel6.12-devel · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
kernel6.12-headers · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
kernel6.12-libbpf · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
kernel6.12-libbpf-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
kernel6.12-libbpf-devel · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
kernel6.12-libbpf-static · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
kernel6.12-modules-extra · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
kernel6.12-modules-extra-common · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
kernel6.12-tools · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
kernel6.12-tools-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
kernel6.12-tools-devel · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
linux · Debian 12.15 (bookworm) 6.1.158-1 DEBIAN-CVE-2025-40190 Nov 12, 2025
linux · Debian 13.5 (trixie) 6.12.57-1 DEBIAN-CVE-2025-40190 Nov 12, 2025
linux · Debian 14 6.17.6-1 DEBIAN-CVE-2025-40190 Nov 12, 2025
perf · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
perf-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
perf6.12 · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
perf6.12-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
python3-perf · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
python3-perf-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1297 Dec 8, 2025
python3-perf6.12 · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025
python3-perf6.12-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.12.55-74.119.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2025-1316 Dec 8, 2025

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