{
  "cveId": "CVE-2025-40190",
  "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-40190",
  "summary": "CVE-2025-40190 is fixed in 81 products on 1 platform, first by DEBIAN-CVE-2025-40190, released November 12, 2025. It is not reported as exploited. Patch Radar priority: High.",
  "title": "ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update",
  "description": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:  ext4: guard against EA inode refcount underflow in xattr update  syzkaller found a path where ext4_xattr_inode_update_ref() reads an EA inode refcount that is already \u003C= 0 and then applies ref_change (often -1). That lets the refcount underflow and we proceed with a bogus value, triggering errors like:    EXT4-fs error: EA inode \u003Cn\u003E ref underflow: ref_count=-1 ref_change=-1   EXT4-fs warning: ea_inode dec ref err=-117  Make the invariant explicit: if the current refcount is non-positive, treat this as on-disk corruption, emit ext4_error_inode(), and fail the operation with -EFSCORRUPTED instead of updating the refcount. Delete the WARN_ONCE() as negative refcounts are now impossible; keep error reporting in ext4_error_inode().  This prevents the underflow and the follow-on orphan/cleanup churn.",
  "published": "2025-11-12T22:15:45Z",
  "severity": "Important",
  "cvss": 7.8,
  "cvssVector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
  "epss": 0.00178,
  "epssPercentile": 0.07385,
  "priority": "High",
  "priorityTier": 3,
  "exploited": false,
  "vendorExploited": false,
  "disclosed": false,
  "vendorAdvisory": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-40190",
  "fixes": [
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      "product": "bpftool",
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      "fix": "ALAS2023-2025-1297",
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      "released": "2025-12-08T12:37:00Z"
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    {
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      "product": "bpftool",
      "release": "ol 8",
      "fixedVersion": "0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek",
      "fix": "ELSA-2025-28048",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/elsa-2025-28048",
      "released": "2025-12-12T00:00:00Z"
    },
    {
      "platform": "linux",
      "product": "bpftool",
      "release": "ol 9",
      "fixedVersion": "0:5.15.0-315.196.5.1.el9uek",
      "fix": "ELSA-2025-28048",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/elsa-2025-28048",
      "released": "2025-12-12T00:00:00Z"
    },
    {
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      "product": "bpftool-debuginfo",
      "release": "amzn 2023",
      "fixedVersion": "1:6.1.158-178.288.amzn2023",
      "fix": "ALAS2023-2025-1297",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1297",
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      "fix": "ALAS2023-2025-1316",
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      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2026-20145-1",
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    },
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  "attribution": {
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}