CVE-2026-98231

xfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush

CVE-2026-98231 is fixed in 74 products on 1 platform, first by DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98231, released October 6, 2026. It is not reported as exploited. Patch Radar priority: High.

High
CVSS
7.1
Moderate
Exploitation
None reported
No vendor assessment
CISA KEV
Not listed
Not in the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog
EPSS
0.0021
10th percentile

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush The deferred-device pass in xfrm_dev_state_flush() finds states under xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock, but drops the lock before calling xfrm_dev_state_free() because the driver callback may sleep. The device GC list does not hold an xfrm_state reference, so the state GC worker can destroy the same state concurrently. The race can proceed as follows: CPU 0 CPU 1 find x on the device GC list drop xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock read x->xso.dev xfrm_state_gc_destroy(x) xfrm_dev_state_free(x) xfrm_state_free(x) continue xfrm_dev_state_free(x) Both paths can invoke the driver callback and drop the device reference. CPU 0 can also access the xfrm_state after CPU 1 has freed it. KASAN reported: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0 Read of size 8 at addr ffff88810bbaa960 by task poc/102 Call Trace: xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0 xfrm_dev_state_flush+0x353/0x400 xfrm_dev_event+0x26d/0x3a0 notifier_call_chain+0xc0/0x280 __dev_notify_flags+0x169/0x250 netif_change_flags+0xe7/0x160 dev_change_flags+0x96/0x220 devinet_ioctl+0x7f4/0x1880 Allocated by task 87: xfrm_state_alloc+0x1e/0x5c0 xfrm_add_sa+0xe7f/0x5820 xfrm_user_rcv_msg+0x4f3/0x940 Freed by task 57: kmem_cache_free+0xcb/0x3d0 xfrm_state_gc_task+0x4a8/0x650 process_one_work+0x63a/0x1070 Serialize xfrm_state destruction against the deferred-device pass with a mutex. Keep xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock limited to list operations and retain the existing callback and device-reference release ordering.

Where it's fixed

ProductFixed inFixReleased
Linux
bpftool6.12 · amzn 2023 1:6.12.113-138.209.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
bpftool6.12-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.12.113-138.209.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
bpftool6.18 · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
bpftool6.18-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-livepatch-6.12.113-138.209 · amzn 2023 1:1.0-0.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-livepatch-6.18.54-121.166 · amzn 2023 1:1.0-0.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-core · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-core · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-core · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-core · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-devel · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-devel · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-modules · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-modules · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-modules-core · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-modules-core · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-modules-deprecated · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-modules-deprecated · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-modules-desktop · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-modules-desktop · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-modules-extra · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-modules-extra · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-modules-usb · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-modules-usb · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-modules-wireless · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-debug-modules-wireless · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-devel · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-devel · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-doc · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-doc · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-modules · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-modules · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-modules-core · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-modules-core · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-modules-deprecated · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-modules-deprecated · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-modules-desktop · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-modules-desktop · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-modules-extra · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-modules-extra · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-modules-usb · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-modules-usb · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-modules-wireless · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-modules-wireless · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-tools · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek-tools · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-core · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-core · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-devel · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-devel · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-modules · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-modules · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-modules-core · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-modules-core · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-modules-deprecated · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-modules-deprecated · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-modules-desktop · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-modules-desktop · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-modules-extra · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-modules-extra · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-modules-usb · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-modules-usb · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-modules-wireless · ol 10 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel-uek64k-modules-wireless · ol 9 0:6.12.0-208.112.5.el9uek ELSA-2026-500572 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.12 · amzn 2023 1:6.12.113-138.209.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.12-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.12.113-138.209.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-aarch64 · amzn 2023 1:6.12.113-138.209.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-x86_64 · amzn 2023 1:6.12.113-138.209.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.12-devel · amzn 2023 1:6.12.113-138.209.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.12-headers · amzn 2023 1:6.12.113-138.209.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.12-modules-extra · amzn 2023 1:6.12.113-138.209.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.12-modules-extra-common · amzn 2023 1:6.12.113-138.209.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.12-tools · amzn 2023 1:6.12.113-138.209.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.12-tools-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.12.113-138.209.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.12-tools-devel · amzn 2023 1:6.12.113-138.209.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.18 · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.18-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.18-debuginfo-common-aarch64 · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.18-debuginfo-common-x86_64 · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.18-devel · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.18-headers · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.18-modules-extra · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.18-modules-extra-common · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.18-tools · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.18-tools-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
kernel6.18-tools-devel · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
linux · Debian 13.5 (trixie) 6.12.113-1 DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98231 Oct 6, 2026
linux · Debian 14 7.2.8-1 DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98231 Oct 6, 2026
linux-6.12 · Debian 12.15 (bookworm) 6.12.113-1~deb12u1 DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98231 Oct 6, 2026
microvm-kernel6.18 · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
perf6.12 · amzn 2023 1:6.12.113-138.209.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
perf6.12-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.12.113-138.209.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
perf6.18 · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
perf6.18-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
python3-perf6.12 · amzn 2023 1:6.12.113-138.209.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
python3-perf6.12-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.12.113-138.209.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3335 Nov 7, 2026
python3-perf6.18 · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026
python3-perf6.18-debuginfo · amzn 2023 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 ALAS2023-2026-3192 Nov 7, 2026

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