iommu/vt-d: Clear Present bit before tearing down copied context entry
CVE-2026-90243 is fixed in 89 products on 1 platform, first by DEBIAN-CVE-2026-90243, released September 23, 2026. It is not reported as exploited. Patch Radar priority: High.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/vt-d: Clear Present bit before tearing down copied context entry copied_context_tear_down() zeroes the 128-bit context entry with context_clear_entry() while the Present bit is still set, and only then issues the context-cache and IOTLB invalidations. This leaves a window in which hardware can fetch a torn entry, with some fields already zeroed while Present is still set, leading to unpredictable behaviour or spurious faults. While x86 provides strong write ordering, the compiler may reorder the writes to the two 64-bit halves of the entry, and the hardware fetch is not guaranteed to be atomic with respect to multiple CPU writes. There is no cacheline flush before the invalidation either, so on an IOMMU without coherent access to the context table the zeroed entry may not be visible to hardware at the point the invalidation is submitted. Apply the same ownership handshake described in the VT-d spec, Section 6.5.3.3 ("Guidance to Software for Invalidations"): clear only the Present bit, flush it out to the IOMMU, perform the invalidations, and only then zero the remainder of the entry.
Where it's fixed
| Product | Fixed in | Fix | Released |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | |||
| bpftool6.12 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| bpftool6.12-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| bpftool6.18 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| bpftool6.18-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| dtb-aarch64 · opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | OPENSUSE-SU-2026:22091-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-64kb · opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | OPENSUSE-SU-2026:22091-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-64kb · sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.53.84.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:4706-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-64kb · sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:24235-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-azure · opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | OPENSUSE-SU-2026:22091-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-azure · sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.53.84.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:4706-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-azure · sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:24235-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-default · opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | OPENSUSE-SU-2026:22091-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-default · sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.53.84.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:4706-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-default · sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:24197-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-default-base · opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1.160000.2.25 | OPENSUSE-SU-2026:22091-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-default-base · sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.53.84.1.150700.17.47.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:4706-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-default-base · sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1.160000.2.26 | SUSE-SU-2026:24235-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-docs · opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | OPENSUSE-SU-2026:22091-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-docs · sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.53.84.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:4706-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-docs · sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:24235-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-kvmsmall · opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | OPENSUSE-SU-2026:22091-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-kvmsmall · sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:24235-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-livepatch-6.12.110-135.201 · amzn 2023 | 1:1.0-0.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-livepatch-6.18.54-121.166 · amzn 2023 | 1:1.0-0.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_21 · sles 15.7 | 1-150700.1.3.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:4640-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_22 · sles 15.7 | 1-150700.15.3.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:4706-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-obs-build · opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | OPENSUSE-SU-2026:22091-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-obs-build · sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.53.84.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:4706-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-obs-qa · opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | OPENSUSE-SU-2026:22091-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-obs-qa · sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:24235-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-rt · opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | OPENSUSE-SU-2026:22091-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-source · opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | OPENSUSE-SU-2026:22091-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-source · sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.53.84.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:4706-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-source · sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:24235-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-syms · opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | OPENSUSE-SU-2026:22091-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-syms · sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.53.84.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:4706-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-syms · sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:24235-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-core · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-core · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-core · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-core · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-devel · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-devel · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-core · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-core · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-deprecated · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-deprecated · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-desktop · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-desktop · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-extra · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-extra · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-usb · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-usb · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-wireless · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-wireless · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-devel · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-devel · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-doc · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-doc · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-core · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-core · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-deprecated · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-deprecated · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-desktop · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-desktop · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-extra · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-extra · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-usb · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-usb · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-wireless · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-wireless · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-tools · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-tools · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-core · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-core · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-devel · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-devel · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-core · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-core · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-deprecated · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-deprecated · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-desktop · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-desktop · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-extra · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-extra · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-usb · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-usb · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-wireless · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-wireless · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-zfcpdump · opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | OPENSUSE-SU-2026:22091-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-zfcpdump · sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.53.84.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:4706-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-zfcpdump · sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.39.1 | SUSE-SU-2026:24235-1 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-aarch64 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-x86_64 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-devel · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-headers · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-modules-extra · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-modules-extra-common · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-tools · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-tools-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-tools-devel · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-debuginfo-common-aarch64 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-debuginfo-common-x86_64 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-devel · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-headers · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-modules-extra · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-modules-extra-common · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-tools · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-tools-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-tools-devel · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| linux · Debian 13.5 (trixie) | 6.12.111-1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-90243 | Sep 23, 2026 |
| linux · Debian 14 | 7.2.6-1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-90243 | Sep 23, 2026 |
| linux-6.12 · Debian 12.15 (bookworm) | 6.12.111-1~deb12u1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-90243 | Sep 23, 2026 |
| microvm-kernel6.18 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| perf6.12 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| perf6.12-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| perf6.18 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| perf6.18-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| python3-perf6.12 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| python3-perf6.12-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| python3-perf6.18 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| python3-perf6.18-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3192 | Nov 7, 2026 |
Patch Radar data is free to use with attribution. Terms and how to credit it.
Product names, logos and trademarks shown on Patch Radar belong to their respective owners. They are used only to identify the software each security fix applies to and to help readers find their platform. Their use does not imply any affiliation with, or endorsement by, those owners, and Patchblox is not affiliated with any of them.