kprobes: Protect kprobe_blacklist with RCU
CVE-2026-89988 is fixed in 92 products on 1 platform, first by DEBIAN-CVE-2026-89988, released September 23, 2026. It is not reported as exploited. Patch Radar priority: High.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: kprobes: Protect kprobe_blacklist with RCU __within_kprobe_blacklist() traverses kprobe_blacklist without holding kprobe_mutex. When a module is unloaded, kprobe_remove_area_blacklist() removes blacklist entries and immediately frees them with kfree(). A concurrent call to within_kprobe_blacklist() can therefore dereference freed memory. Furthermore, within_kprobe_blacklist() can be called in atomic or non-preemptible contexts where the sleeping kprobe_mutex cannot be taken. Protect kprobe_blacklist with RCU. Use guard(rcu)() and list_for_each_entry_rcu() for traversal, list_add_tail_rcu() for insertions, list_del_rcu() for deletions, and kfree_rcu() to reclaim entries safely after a grace period.
Where it's fixed
| Product | Fixed in | Fix | Released |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | |||
| bpftool · amzn 2023 | 1:6.1.188-233.385.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| bpftool-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.1.188-233.385.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| bpftool6.12 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| bpftool6.12-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| bpftool6.18 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| bpftool6.18-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel · amzn 2023 | 1:6.1.188-233.385.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.1.188-233.385.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.1.188-233.385.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.1.188-233.385.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-devel · amzn 2023 | 1:6.1.188-233.385.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-headers · amzn 2023 | 1:6.1.188-233.385.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-livepatch-6.1.188-233.385 · amzn 2023 | 1:1.0-0.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-livepatch-6.12.110-135.201 · amzn 2023 | 1:1.0-0.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-livepatch-6.18.51-120.162 · amzn 2023 | 1:1.0-0.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-modules-extra · amzn 2023 | 1:6.1.188-233.385.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-modules-extra-common · amzn 2023 | 1:6.1.188-233.385.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-tools · amzn 2023 | 1:6.1.188-233.385.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-tools-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.1.188-233.385.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-tools-devel · amzn 2023 | 1:6.1.188-233.385.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-core · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-core · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-core · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-core · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-devel · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-devel · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-core · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-core · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-deprecated · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-deprecated · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-desktop · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-desktop · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-extra · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-extra · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-usb · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-usb · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-wireless · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-debug-modules-wireless · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-devel · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-devel · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-doc · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-doc · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-core · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-core · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-deprecated · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-deprecated · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-desktop · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-desktop · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-extra · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-extra · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-usb · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-usb · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-wireless · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-modules-wireless · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-tools · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek-tools · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-core · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-core · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-devel · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-devel · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-core · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-core · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-deprecated · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-deprecated · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-desktop · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-desktop · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-extra · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-extra · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-extra-netfilter · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-usb · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-usb · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-wireless · ol 10 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel-uek64k-modules-wireless · ol 9 | 0:6.12.0-207.111.5.1.el9uek | ELSA-2026-500374 | Oct 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-aarch64 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-x86_64 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-devel · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-headers · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-modules-extra · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-modules-extra-common · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-tools · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-tools-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.12-tools-devel · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-debuginfo-common-aarch64 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-debuginfo-common-x86_64 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-devel · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-headers · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-modules-extra · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-modules-extra-common · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-tools · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-tools-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| kernel6.18-tools-devel · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| linux · Debian 12.15 (bookworm) | 6.1.190-1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-89988 | Sep 23, 2026 |
| linux · Debian 13.5 (trixie) | 6.12.111-1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-89988 | Sep 23, 2026 |
| linux · Debian 14 | 7.2.6-1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-89988 | Sep 23, 2026 |
| linux-6.12 · Debian 12.15 (bookworm) | 6.12.111-1~deb12u1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-89988 | Sep 23, 2026 |
| microvm-kernel6.18 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| perf · amzn 2023 | 1:6.1.188-233.385.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| perf-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.1.188-233.385.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| perf6.12 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| perf6.12-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| perf6.18 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| perf6.18-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| python3-perf · amzn 2023 | 1:6.1.188-233.385.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| python3-perf-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.1.188-233.385.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3197 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| python3-perf6.12 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| python3-perf6.12-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.110-135.201.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3196 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| python3-perf6.18 · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
| python3-perf6.18-debuginfo · amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.51-120.162.amzn2023 | ALAS2023-2026-3187 | Nov 7, 2026 |
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