imagemagick: ImageMagick is free software delivered as a ready-to-run binarydistribution or as source code that you may use, copy,...
CVE-2021-39212 is fixed in 29 products on 1 platform, first by imagemagick 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1, released August 26, 2022. It is not reported as exploited. Patch Radar priority: Routine.
ImageMagick is free software delivered as a ready-to-run binarydistribution or as source code that you may use, copy, modify, anddistribute in both open and proprietary applications. In affected versionsand in certain cases, Postscript files could be read and written whenspecifically excluded by a `module` policy in `policy.xml`. ex. <policydomain="module" rights="none" pattern="PS" />. The issue has been resolvedin ImageMagick 7.1.0-7 and in 6.9.12-22. Fortunately, in the wild, fewusers utilize the `module` policy and instead use the `coder` policy thatis also our workaround recommendation: <policy domain="coder" rights="none"pattern="{PS,EPI,EPS,EPSF,EPSI}" />.
Where it's fixed
| Product | Fixed in | Fix | Released |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | |||
| imagemagick · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | imagemagick 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| imagemagick · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | imagemagick 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| imagemagick · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | imagemagick 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| imagemagick · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | imagemagick 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| imagemagick-6-common · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | imagemagick-6-common 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| imagemagick-6-common · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | imagemagick-6-common 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| imagemagick-6-common · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | imagemagick-6-common 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| imagemagick-6-common · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | imagemagick-6-common 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| imagemagick-6.q16 · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | imagemagick-6.q16 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| imagemagick-6.q16 · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | imagemagick-6.q16 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| imagemagick-6.q16 · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | imagemagick-6.q16 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| imagemagick-6.q16 · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | imagemagick-6.q16 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| imagemagick-6.q16hdri · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | imagemagick-6.q16hdri 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| imagemagick-6.q16hdri · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | imagemagick-6.q16hdri 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| imagemagick-6.q16hdri · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | imagemagick-6.q16hdri 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| imagemagick-6.q16hdri · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | imagemagick-6.q16hdri 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| imagemagick-common · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | imagemagick-common 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| imagemagick-common · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | imagemagick-common 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| libimage-magick-perl · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | libimage-magick-perl 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| libimage-magick-perl · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | libimage-magick-perl 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| libimage-magick-perl · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libimage-magick-perl 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libimage-magick-perl · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libimage-magick-perl 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libimage-magick-q16-perl · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | libimage-magick-q16-perl 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| libimage-magick-q16-perl · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | libimage-magick-q16-perl 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| libimage-magick-q16-perl · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libimage-magick-q16-perl 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libimage-magick-q16-perl · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libimage-magick-q16-perl 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libimage-magick-q16hdri-perl · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | libimage-magick-q16hdri-perl 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| libimage-magick-q16hdri-perl · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | libimage-magick-q16hdri-perl 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| libimage-magick-q16hdri-perl · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libimage-magick-q16hdri-perl 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libimage-magick-q16hdri-perl · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libimage-magick-q16hdri-perl 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagick++-6-headers · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | libmagick++-6-headers 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| libmagick++-6-headers · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | libmagick++-6-headers 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| libmagick++-6-headers · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagick++-6-headers 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagick++-6-headers · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagick++-6-headers 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagick++-6.q16-8 · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | libmagick++-6.q16-8 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| libmagick++-6.q16-8 · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | libmagick++-6.q16-8 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| libmagick++-6.q16-9t64 · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagick++-6.q16-9t64 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagick++-6.q16-9t64 · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagick++-6.q16-9t64 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagick++-6.q16hdri-8 · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | libmagick++-6.q16hdri-8 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| libmagick++-6.q16hdri-8 · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | libmagick++-6.q16hdri-8 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| libmagick++-6.q16hdri-9t64 · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagick++-6.q16hdri-9t64 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagick++-6.q16hdri-9t64 · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagick++-6.q16hdri-9t64 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickcore-6-arch-config · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | libmagickcore-6-arch-config 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| libmagickcore-6-arch-config · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | libmagickcore-6-arch-config 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| libmagickcore-6-arch-config · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickcore-6-arch-config 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickcore-6-arch-config · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickcore-6-arch-config 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickcore-6-headers · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | libmagickcore-6-headers 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| libmagickcore-6-headers · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | libmagickcore-6-headers 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| libmagickcore-6-headers · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickcore-6-headers 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickcore-6-headers · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickcore-6-headers 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickcore-6.q16-6 · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | libmagickcore-6.q16-6 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| libmagickcore-6.q16-6 · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | libmagickcore-6.q16-6 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| libmagickcore-6.q16-6-extra · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | libmagickcore-6.q16-6-extra 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| libmagickcore-6.q16-6-extra · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | libmagickcore-6.q16-6-extra 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| libmagickcore-6.q16-7-extra · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickcore-6.q16-7-extra 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickcore-6.q16-7-extra · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickcore-6.q16-7-extra 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickcore-6.q16-7t64 · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickcore-6.q16-7t64 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickcore-6.q16-7t64 · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickcore-6.q16-7t64 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickcore-6.q16hdri-6 · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | libmagickcore-6.q16hdri-6 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| libmagickcore-6.q16hdri-6 · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | libmagickcore-6.q16hdri-6 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| libmagickcore-6.q16hdri-6-extra · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | libmagickcore-6.q16hdri-6-extra 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| libmagickcore-6.q16hdri-6-extra · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | libmagickcore-6.q16hdri-6-extra 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| libmagickcore-6.q16hdri-7-extra · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickcore-6.q16hdri-7-extra 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickcore-6.q16hdri-7-extra · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickcore-6.q16hdri-7-extra 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickcore-6.q16hdri-7t64 · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickcore-6.q16hdri-7t64 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickcore-6.q16hdri-7t64 · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickcore-6.q16hdri-7t64 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickwand-6-headers · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | libmagickwand-6-headers 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| libmagickwand-6-headers · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | libmagickwand-6-headers 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| libmagickwand-6-headers · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickwand-6-headers 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickwand-6-headers · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickwand-6-headers 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickwand-6.q16-6 · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | libmagickwand-6.q16-6 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| libmagickwand-6.q16-6 · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | libmagickwand-6.q16-6 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| libmagickwand-6.q16-7t64 · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickwand-6.q16-7t64 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickwand-6.q16-7t64 · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickwand-6.q16-7t64 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickwand-6.q16hdri-6 · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | libmagickwand-6.q16hdri-6 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| libmagickwand-6.q16hdri-6 · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | libmagickwand-6.q16hdri-6 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| libmagickwand-6.q16hdri-7t64 · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickwand-6.q16hdri-7t64 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| libmagickwand-6.q16hdri-7t64 · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | libmagickwand-6.q16hdri-7t64 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| perlmagick · Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) | 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | perlmagick 8:6.9.10.23+dfsg-2.1ubuntu11.9 | Aug 22, 2023 |
| perlmagick · Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (jammy) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | perlmagick 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu0.22.04.1+esm1 | Aug 26, 2022 |
| perlmagick · Ubuntu 24.10 (oracular) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | perlmagick 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
| perlmagick · Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky) | 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | perlmagick 8:6.9.11.60+dfsg-1.3ubuntu1 | Jan 16, 2026 |
Patch Radar data is free to use with attribution. Terms and how to credit it.
Product names, logos and trademarks shown on Patch Radar belong to their respective owners. They are used only to identify the software each security fix applies to and to help readers find their platform. Their use does not imply any affiliation with, or endorsement by, those owners, and Patchblox is not affiliated with any of them.