# CVE-2026-98398: linux: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: locking/lockdep: Invalidate stale class_cache en... CVE-2026-98398 is fixed in 38 products on 1 platform, first by DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98398, released October 16, 2026. It is not reported as exploited. Patch Radar priority: High. - Web page: https://patchblox.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-98398 - Priority: High - CVSS: n/a (important) - EPSS: 0.0021 - CISA KEV: not listed - Exploited (vendor report): no - Publicly disclosed: no - Published: Oct 12, 2026 ## Description In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: locking/lockdep: Invalidate stale class_cache entries for zapped classes syzbot reported a lockdep splat hitting DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(1) in hlock_class() due to an invalid class_idx: WARNING: kernel/locking/lockdep.c:238 at __lock_acquire+0x382/0x2cf0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5203 Workqueue: wg-crypt-wg0 wg_packet_tx_worker RIP: 0010:hlock_class kernel/locking/lockdep.c:238 [inline] RIP: 0010:check_wait_context kernel/locking/lockdep.c:4870 [inline] RIP: 0010:__lock_acquire+0x389/0x2cf0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5203 Call Trace: lock_acquire+0x106/0x350 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5886 _raw_spin_lock+0x2e/0x40 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:173 tcp_tsq_handler+0x29/0x200 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1291 tcp_tsq_workfn+0x384/0x410 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1325 ... When a lock class is zapped (e.g. during module unload or key unregistration), zap_class() clears the class's bit in lock_classes_in_use and removes it from the class hash table. However, existing lockdep_map instances embedded in data structures may still retain a pointer to the zapped class in their class_cache[] array. When __lock_acquire() subsequently runs on such a lock, it finds lock->class_cache[subclass] != NULL, skipping register_lock_class() and assigning hlock->class_idx to the index of the zapped class. When check_wait_context() or hlock_class() inspects the held_lock, it finds !test_bit(class_idx, lock_classes_in_use) and warns. Furthermore, if the zapped slot is subsequently re-allocated to an unrelated lock key, the stale class_cache entry would erroneously match the unrelated class (ABA issue). Add lock_class_cache_is_valid() to validate that the cached class is within lock_classes bounds, still allocated in lock_classes_in_use (using uninstrumented arch_test_bit() in __always_inline context so it is safe in noinstr contexts like match_held_lock()), and that class->key matches the expected subkey (taking lockdep_set_subclass() overrides into account). Also use READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE() when accessing class_cache[]. If the entry is invalid or stale, fall back to register_lock_class() / look_up_lock_class(). ## Where it's fixed | Platform | Product | Fixed in | Fix | Released | |---|---|---|---|---| | Linux | bpftool6.12 amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.111-136.204.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | bpftool6.12-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.111-136.204.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | bpftool6.18 amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | bpftool6.18-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel-livepatch-6.12.111-136.204 amzn 2023 | 1:1.0-0.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel-livepatch-6.18.54-121.166 amzn 2023 | 1:1.0-0.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.12 amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.111-136.204.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.12-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.111-136.204.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-aarch64 amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.111-136.204.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-x86_64 amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.111-136.204.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.12-devel amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.111-136.204.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.12-headers amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.111-136.204.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.12-modules-extra amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.111-136.204.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.12-modules-extra-common amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.111-136.204.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.12-tools amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.111-136.204.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.12-tools-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.111-136.204.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.12-tools-devel amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.111-136.204.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.18 amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.18-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.18-debuginfo-common-aarch64 amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.18-debuginfo-common-x86_64 amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.18-devel amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.18-headers amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.18-modules-extra amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.18-modules-extra-common amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.18-tools amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.18-tools-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | kernel6.18-tools-devel amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | linux Debian 12.15 (bookworm) | 6.1.190-1 | [DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98398](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/debian-cve-2026-98398.md) | Oct 16, 2026 | | Linux | linux Debian 13.5 (trixie) | 6.12.111-1 | [DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98398](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/debian-cve-2026-98398.md) | Oct 16, 2026 | | Linux | linux Debian 14 | 7.2.7-1 | [DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98398](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/debian-cve-2026-98398.md) | Oct 16, 2026 | | Linux | microvm-kernel6.18 amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | perf6.12 amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.111-136.204.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | perf6.12-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.111-136.204.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | perf6.18 amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | perf6.18-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | python3-perf6.12 amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.111-136.204.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | python3-perf6.12-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.111-136.204.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3193](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3193.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | python3-perf6.18 amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | | Linux | python3-perf6.18-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 1:6.18.54-121.166.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2026-3192](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2026-3192.md) | Nov 7, 2026 | --- Data as of 2026-11-08T13:06:02Z UTC. 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