# CVE-2025-40169: linux: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:  bpf: Reject negative offsets for ALU ops  When v...

CVE-2025-40169 is fixed in 46 products on 1 platform, first by ALAS2023-2025-1254, released October 27, 2025. It is not reported as exploited. Patch Radar priority: High.

- Web page: https://patchblox.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-40169
- Priority: High
- CVSS: 7.8 (high)
- EPSS: 0.0015
- CISA KEV: not listed
- Exploited (vendor report): no
- Publicly disclosed: no
- Published: Oct 27, 2025

## Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:  bpf: Reject negative offsets for ALU ops  When verifying BPF programs, the check_alu_op() function validates instructions with ALU operations. The 'offset' field in these instructions is a signed 16-bit integer.  The existing check 'insn->off > 1' was intended to ensure the offset is either 0, or 1 for BPF_MOD/BPF_DIV. However, because 'insn->off' is signed, this check incorrectly accepts all negative values (e.g., -1).  This commit tightens the validation by changing the condition to '(insn->off != 0 && insn->off != 1)'. This ensures that any value other than the explicitly permitted 0 and 1 is rejected, hardening the verifier against malformed BPF programs.

## Where it's fixed

| Platform | Product | Fixed in | Fix | Released |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | bpftool6.12 amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | bpftool6.12-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | dtb-aarch64 opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | dtb-aarch64 opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [OPENSUSE-SU-2025:20172-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2025-20172-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-64kb opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.3 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-64kb opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [OPENSUSE-SU-2025:20172-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2025-20172-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-64kb sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.3 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-64kb sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.53.25.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4393-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4393-1.md) | Dec 15, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-64kb sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [SUSE-SU-2026:20015-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-20015-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-azure opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.8.58.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4505-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4505-1.md) | Dec 22, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-azure sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.8.58.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4505-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4505-1.md) | Dec 22, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-azure sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.20.21.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4517-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4517-1.md) | Dec 23, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-debug opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.3 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-default opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.3 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-default opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [OPENSUSE-SU-2025:20172-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2025-20172-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-default sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.3 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-default sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.53.25.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4393-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4393-1.md) | Dec 15, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-default sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [SUSE-SU-2026:20015-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-20015-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-default-base opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.3.150600.12.36.3 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-default-base opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1.160000.2.5 | [OPENSUSE-SU-2025:20172-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2025-20172-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-default-base sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.3.150600.12.36.3 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-default-base sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.53.25.1.150700.17.17.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4393-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4393-1.md) | Dec 15, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-default-base sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1.160000.2.5 | [SUSE-SU-2026:20015-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-20015-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-docs opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-docs opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [OPENSUSE-SU-2025:20172-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2025-20172-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-docs sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-docs sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.53.25.2 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4393-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4393-1.md) | Dec 15, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-docs sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [SUSE-SU-2026:20015-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-20015-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-kvmsmall opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.3 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-kvmsmall opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [OPENSUSE-SU-2025:20172-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2025-20172-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-kvmsmall sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [SUSE-SU-2026:20015-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-20015-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-livepatch-6.12.53-69.119 amzn 2023 | 1:1.0-0.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_18 sles 15.6 | 1-150600.1.3.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4521-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4521-1.md) | Dec 24, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_18 sles 15.6 | 1-150600.13.3.3 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_7 sles 15.7 | 1-150700.1.3.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4516-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4516-1.md) | Dec 23, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_7 sles 15.7 | 1-150700.15.3.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4393-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4393-1.md) | Dec 15, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-obs-build opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.3 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-obs-build opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [OPENSUSE-SU-2025:20172-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2025-20172-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-obs-build sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.3 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-obs-build sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.53.25.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4393-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4393-1.md) | Dec 15, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-obs-qa opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-obs-qa opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [OPENSUSE-SU-2025:20172-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2025-20172-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-obs-qa sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [SUSE-SU-2026:20015-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-20015-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-rt opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.10.61.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4521-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4521-1.md) | Dec 24, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-rt opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [OPENSUSE-SU-2025:20172-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2025-20172-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-rt_debug opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.10.61.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4521-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4521-1.md) | Dec 24, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-source opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.2 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-source opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [OPENSUSE-SU-2025:20172-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2025-20172-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-source sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.2 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-source sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.53.25.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4393-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4393-1.md) | Dec 15, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-source sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [SUSE-SU-2026:20015-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-20015-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-source-azure opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.8.58.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4505-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4505-1.md) | Dec 22, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-source-azure sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.8.58.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4505-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4505-1.md) | Dec 22, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-source-azure sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.20.21.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4517-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4517-1.md) | Dec 23, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-source-rt opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.10.61.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4521-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4521-1.md) | Dec 24, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-syms opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-syms opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [OPENSUSE-SU-2025:20172-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2025-20172-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-syms sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-syms sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.53.25.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4393-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4393-1.md) | Dec 15, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-syms sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [SUSE-SU-2026:20015-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-20015-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-syms-azure opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.8.58.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4505-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4505-1.md) | Dec 22, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-syms-azure sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.8.58.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4505-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4505-1.md) | Dec 22, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-syms-azure sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.20.21.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4517-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4517-1.md) | Dec 23, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-syms-rt opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.10.61.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4521-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4521-1.md) | Dec 24, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-zfcpdump opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.3 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-zfcpdump opensuse-leap 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [OPENSUSE-SU-2025:20172-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2025-20172-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-zfcpdump sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.81.3 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4422-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4422-1.md) | Dec 17, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-zfcpdump sles 15.7 | 6.4.0-150700.53.25.1 | [SUSE-SU-2025:4393-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2025-4393-1.md) | Dec 15, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel-zfcpdump sles 16.0 | 6.12.0-160000.8.1 | [SUSE-SU-2026:20015-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-20015-1.md) | Dec 19, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel6.12 amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel6.12-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-aarch64 amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-x86_64 amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel6.12-devel amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel6.12-headers amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel6.12-libbpf amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel6.12-libbpf-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel6.12-libbpf-devel amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel6.12-libbpf-static amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel6.12-modules-extra amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel6.12-modules-extra-common amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel6.12-tools amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel6.12-tools-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | kernel6.12-tools-devel amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | linux Debian 13.5 (trixie) | 6.12.57-1 | [DEBIAN-CVE-2025-40169](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/debian-cve-2025-40169.md) | Nov 12, 2025 |
| Linux | linux Debian 14 | 6.17.6-1 | [DEBIAN-CVE-2025-40169](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/debian-cve-2025-40169.md) | Nov 12, 2025 |
| Linux | perf6.12 amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | perf6.12-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | python3-perf6.12 amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |
| Linux | python3-perf6.12-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2025-1254](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254.md) | Oct 27, 2025 |

---

Data as of 2026-11-08T06:59:42Z UTC. Source: Patchblox Patch Radar (https://patchblox.com/security/patch-radar). Patchblox finds out-of-date software on Windows, macOS and Linux and updates it through release rings: https://patchblox.com/demo

Free to use with attribution: show "Data: Patchblox Patch Radar" with a link to https://patchblox.com/security/patch-radar. Terms, including what needs a written agreement: https://patchblox.com/security/patch-radar/use-the-data

Product names, logos and trademarks shown on Patch Radar belong to their respective owners. They are used only to identify the software each security fix applies to and to help readers find their platform. Their use does not imply any affiliation with, or endorsement by, those owners, and Patchblox is not affiliated with any of them.