{
  "cveId": "CVE-2025-40123",
  "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-40123",
  "summary": "CVE-2025-40123 is fixed in 62 products on 1 platform, first by ALAS2023-2025-1253, released October 27, 2025. It is not reported as exploited. Patch Radar priority: High.",
  "title": "linux: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:  bpf: Enforce expected_attach_type for tailcall c...",
  "description": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:  bpf: Enforce expected_attach_type for tailcall compatibility  Yinhao et al. recently reported:    Our fuzzer tool discovered an uninitialized pointer issue in the   bpf_prog_test_run_xdp() function within the Linux kernel\u0027s BPF subsystem.   This leads to a NULL pointer dereference when a BPF program attempts to   deference the txq member of struct xdp_buff object.  The test initializes two programs of BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP: progA acts as the entry point for bpf_prog_test_run_xdp() and its expected_attach_type can neither be of be BPF_XDP_DEVMAP nor BPF_XDP_CPUMAP. progA calls into a slot of a tailcall map it owns. progB\u0027s expected_attach_type must be BPF_XDP_DEVMAP to pass xdp_is_valid_access() validation. The program returns struct xdp_md\u0027s egress_ifindex, and the latter is only allowed to be accessed under mentioned expected_attach_type. progB is then inserted into the tailcall which progA calls.  The underlying issue goes beyond XDP though. Another example are programs of type BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR. sock_addr_is_valid_access() as well as sock_addr_func_proto() have different logic depending on the programs\u0027 expected_attach_type. Similarly, a program attached to BPF_CGROUP_INET4_GETPEERNAME should not be allowed doing a tailcall into a program which calls bpf_bind() out of BPF which is only enabled for BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT.  In short, specifying expected_attach_type allows to open up additional functionality or restrictions beyond what the basic bpf_prog_type enables. The use of tailcalls must not violate these constraints. Fix it by enforcing expected_attach_type in __bpf_prog_map_compatible().  Note that we only enforce this for tailcall maps, but not for BPF devmaps or cpumaps: There, the programs are invoked through dev_map_bpf_prog_run*() and cpu_map_bpf_prog_run*() which set up a new environment / context and therefore these situations are not prone to this issue.",
  "published": "2025-10-27T14:26:00Z",
  "severity": "high",
  "cvss": 7.8,
  "cvssVector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
  "epss": 0.00166,
  "epssPercentile": 0.05866,
  "priority": "High",
  "priorityTier": 3,
  "exploited": false,
  "vendorExploited": false,
  "disclosed": false,
  "fixes": [
    {
      "platform": "linux",
      "product": "bpftool",
      "release": "amzn 2023",
      "fixedVersion": "1:6.1.156-177.286.amzn2023",
      "fix": "ALAS2023-2025-1253",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1253",
      "released": "2025-10-27T14:26:00Z"
    },
    {
      "platform": "linux",
      "product": "bpftool-debuginfo",
      "release": "amzn 2023",
      "fixedVersion": "1:6.1.156-177.286.amzn2023",
      "fix": "ALAS2023-2025-1253",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1253",
      "released": "2025-10-27T14:26:00Z"
    },
    {
      "platform": "linux",
      "product": "bpftool6.12",
      "release": "amzn 2023",
      "fixedVersion": "1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023",
      "fix": "ALAS2023-2025-1254",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254",
      "released": "2025-10-27T14:26:00Z"
    },
    {
      "platform": "linux",
      "product": "bpftool6.12-debuginfo",
      "release": "amzn 2023",
      "fixedVersion": "1:6.12.53-69.119.amzn2023",
      "fix": "ALAS2023-2025-1254",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254",
      "released": "2025-10-27T14:26:00Z"
    },
    {
      "platform": "linux",
      "product": "dtb-aarch64",
      "release": "opensuse-leap 16.0",
      "fixedVersion": "6.12.0-160000.9.1",
      "fix": "OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2026-20145-1",
      "released": "2026-02-02T11:54:26Z"
    },
    {
      "platform": "linux",
      "product": "kernel",
      "release": "amzn 2023",
      "fixedVersion": "1:6.1.156-177.286.amzn2023",
      "fix": "ALAS2023-2025-1253",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1253",
      "released": "2025-10-27T14:26:00Z"
    },
    {
      "platform": "linux",
      "product": "kernel-64kb",
      "release": "opensuse-leap 16.0",
      "fixedVersion": "6.12.0-160000.9.1",
      "fix": "OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2026-20145-1",
      "released": "2026-02-02T11:54:26Z"
    },
    {
      "platform": "linux",
      "product": "kernel-64kb",
      "release": "sles 15.7",
      "fixedVersion": "6.4.0-150700.53.28.1",
      "fix": "SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-0315-1",
      "released": "2026-01-28T14:34:30Z"
    },
    {
      "platform": "linux",
      "product": "kernel-64kb",
      "release": "sles 16.0",
      "fixedVersion": "6.12.0-160000.9.1",
      "fix": "SUSE-SU-2026:20220-1",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-20220-1",
      "released": "2026-02-02T10:12:16Z"
    },
    {
      "platform": "linux",
      "product": "kernel-azure",
      "release": "opensuse-leap 16.0",
      "fixedVersion": "6.12.0-160000.9.1",
      "fix": "OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2026-20145-1",
      "released": "2026-02-02T11:54:26Z"
    },
    {
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      "fixedVersion": "6.4.0-150700.20.24.1",
      "fix": "SUSE-SU-2026:0281-1",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-0281-1",
      "released": "2026-01-23T16:03:47Z"
    },
    {
      "platform": "linux",
      "product": "kernel-azure",
      "release": "sles 16.0",
      "fixedVersion": "6.12.0-160000.9.1",
      "fix": "SUSE-SU-2026:20220-1",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-20220-1",
      "released": "2026-02-02T10:12:16Z"
    },
    {
      "platform": "linux",
      "product": "kernel-debuginfo",
      "release": "amzn 2023",
      "fixedVersion": "1:6.1.156-177.286.amzn2023",
      "fix": "ALAS2023-2025-1253",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1253",
      "released": "2025-10-27T14:26:00Z"
    },
    {
      "platform": "linux",
      "product": "kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64",
      "release": "amzn 2023",
      "fixedVersion": "1:6.1.156-177.286.amzn2023",
      "fix": "ALAS2023-2025-1253",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1253",
      "released": "2025-10-27T14:26:00Z"
    },
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      "fix": "ALAS2023-2025-1253",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1253",
      "released": "2025-10-27T14:26:00Z"
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      "fix": "OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2026-20145-1",
      "released": "2026-02-02T11:54:26Z"
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      "fix": "SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-0315-1",
      "released": "2026-01-28T14:34:30Z"
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      "fix": "OPENSUSE-SU-2026:20145-1",
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      "released": "2026-02-02T11:54:26Z"
    },
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      "fix": "SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-0315-1",
      "released": "2026-01-28T14:34:30Z"
    },
    {
      "platform": "linux",
      "product": "kernel-default-base",
      "release": "sles 16.0",
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      "fix": "SUSE-SU-2026:20220-1",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-20220-1",
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      "release": "amzn 2023",
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      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/opensuse-su-2026-20145-1",
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      "release": "sles 15.7",
      "fixedVersion": "6.4.0-150700.53.28.1",
      "fix": "SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-0315-1",
      "released": "2026-01-28T14:34:30Z"
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      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-20220-1",
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      "fix": "ALAS2023-2025-1253",
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      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/alas2023-2025-1254",
      "released": "2025-10-27T14:26:00Z"
    },
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      "fix": "SUSE-SU-2026:0278-1",
      "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/fix/linux/suse-su-2026-0278-1",
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      "fix": "SUSE-SU-2026:0315-1",
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      "released": "2026-01-28T14:34:30Z"
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    {
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