{
  "cveId": "CVE-2025-39779",
  "url": "https://patchblox.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-39779",
  "summary": "CVE-2025-39779 is fixed in 70 products on 1 platform, first by DEBIAN-CVE-2025-39779, released September 11, 2025. It is not reported as exploited. Patch Radar priority: Routine.",
  "title": "btrfs: subpage: keep TOWRITE tag until folio is cleaned",
  "description": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:  btrfs: subpage: keep TOWRITE tag until folio is cleaned  btrfs_subpage_set_writeback() calls folio_start_writeback() the first time a folio is written back, and it also clears the PAGECACHE_TAG_TOWRITE tag even if there are still dirty blocks in the folio. This can break ordering guarantees, such as those required by btrfs_wait_ordered_extents().  That ordering breakage leads to a real failure. For example, running generic/464 on a zoned setup will hit the following ASSERT. This happens because the broken ordering fails to flush existing dirty pages before the file size is truncated.    assertion failed: !list_empty(\u0026ordered-\u003Elist) :: 0, in fs/btrfs/zoned.c:1899   ------------[ cut here ]------------   kernel BUG at fs/btrfs/zoned.c:1899!   Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI   CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 1906169 Comm: kworker/u130:2 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.16.0-rc6-BTRFS-ZNS\u002B #554 PREEMPT(voluntary)   Hardware name: Supermicro Super Server/H12SSL-NT, BIOS 2.0 02/22/2021   Workqueue: btrfs-endio-write btrfs_work_helper [btrfs]   RIP: 0010:btrfs_finish_ordered_zoned.cold\u002B0x50/0x52 [btrfs]   RSP: 0018:ffffc9002efdbd60 EFLAGS: 00010246   RAX: 000000000000004c RBX: ffff88811923c4e0 RCX: 0000000000000000   RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff827e38b1 RDI: 00000000ffffffff   RBP: ffff88810005d000 R08: 00000000ffffdfff R09: ffffffff831051c8   R10: ffffffff83055220 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff8881c2458c00   R13: ffff88811923c540 R14: ffff88811923c5e8 R15: ffff8881c1bd9680   FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88a04acd0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000   CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033   CR2: 00007f907c7a918c CR3: 0000000004024000 CR4: 0000000000350ef0   Call Trace:    \u003CTASK\u003E    ? srso_return_thunk\u002B0x5/0x5f    btrfs_finish_ordered_io\u002B0x4a/0x60 [btrfs]    btrfs_work_helper\u002B0xf9/0x490 [btrfs]    process_one_work\u002B0x204/0x590    ? srso_return_thunk\u002B0x5/0x5f    worker_thread\u002B0x1d6/0x3d0    ? __pfx_worker_thread\u002B0x10/0x10    kthread\u002B0x118/0x230    ? __pfx_kthread\u002B0x10/0x10    ret_from_fork\u002B0x205/0x260    ? __pfx_kthread\u002B0x10/0x10    ret_from_fork_asm\u002B0x1a/0x30    \u003C/TASK\u003E  Consider process A calling writepages() with WB_SYNC_NONE. In zoned mode or for compressed writes, it locks several folios for delalloc and starts writing them out. Let\u0027s call the last locked folio folio X. Suppose the write range only partially covers folio X, leaving some pages dirty. Process A calls btrfs_subpage_set_writeback() when building a bio. This function call clears the TOWRITE tag of folio X, whose size = 8K and the block size = 4K. It is following state.     0     4K    8K    |/////|/////|  (flag: DIRTY, tag: DIRTY)    \u003C-----\u003E Process A will write this range.  Now suppose process B concurrently calls writepages() with WB_SYNC_ALL. It calls tag_pages_for_writeback() to tag dirty folios with PAGECACHE_TAG_TOWRITE. Since folio X is still dirty, it gets tagged. Then, B collects tagged folios using filemap_get_folios_tag() and must wait for folio X to be written before returning from writepages().     0     4K    8K    |/////|/////|  (flag: DIRTY, tag: DIRTY|TOWRITE)  However, between tagging and collecting, process A may call btrfs_subpage_set_writeback() and clear folio X\u0027s TOWRITE tag.    0     4K    8K    |     |/////|  (flag: DIRTY|WRITEBACK, tag: DIRTY)  As a result, process B won\u0027t see folio X in its batch, and returns without waiting for it. This breaks the WB_SYNC_ALL ordering requirement.  Fix this by using btrfs_subpage_set_writeback_keepwrite(), which retains the TOWRITE tag. We now manually clear the tag only after the folio becomes clean, via the xas operation.",
  "published": "2025-09-11T17:15:43Z",
  "severity": "Moderate",
  "cvss": 5.5,
  "cvssVector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
  "epss": 0.00154,
  "epssPercentile": 0.04589,
  "priority": "Routine",
  "priorityTier": 4,
  "exploited": false,
  "vendorExploited": false,
  "disclosed": false,
  "vendorAdvisory": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-39779",
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