# CVE-2024-41048: linux: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:  skmsg: Skip zero length skb in sk_msg_recvmsg  W...

CVE-2024-41048 is fixed in 56 products on 1 platform, first by DEBIAN-CVE-2024-41048, released July 29, 2024. It is not reported as exploited. Patch Radar priority: Routine.

- Web page: https://patchblox.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-41048
- Priority: Routine
- CVSS: 5.5 (medium)
- EPSS: 0.0082
- CISA KEV: not listed
- Exploited (vendor report): no
- Publicly disclosed: no
- Published: Jul 29, 2024

## Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:  skmsg: Skip zero length skb in sk_msg_recvmsg  When running BPF selftests (./test_progs -t sockmap_basic) on a Loongarch platform, the following kernel panic occurs:    [...]   Oops[#1]:   CPU: 22 PID: 2824 Comm: test_progs Tainted: G           OE  6.10.0-rc2+ #18   Hardware name: LOONGSON Dabieshan/Loongson-TC542F0, BIOS Loongson-UDK2018      ... ...      ra: 90000000048bf6c0 sk_msg_recvmsg+0x120/0x560     ERA: 9000000004162774 copy_page_to_iter+0x74/0x1c0    CRMD: 000000b0 (PLV0 -IE -DA +PG DACF=CC DACM=CC -WE)    PRMD: 0000000c (PPLV0 +PIE +PWE)    EUEN: 00000007 (+FPE +SXE +ASXE -BTE)    ECFG: 00071c1d (LIE=0,2-4,10-12 VS=7)   ESTAT: 00010000 [PIL] (IS= ECode=1 EsubCode=0)    BADV: 0000000000000040    PRID: 0014c011 (Loongson-64bit, Loongson-3C5000)   Modules linked in: bpf_testmod(OE) xt_CHECKSUM xt_MASQUERADE xt_conntrack   Process test_progs (pid: 2824, threadinfo=0000000000863a31, task=...)   Stack : ...   Call Trace:   [<9000000004162774>] copy_page_to_iter+0x74/0x1c0   [<90000000048bf6c0>] sk_msg_recvmsg+0x120/0x560   [<90000000049f2b90>] tcp_bpf_recvmsg_parser+0x170/0x4e0   [<90000000049aae34>] inet_recvmsg+0x54/0x100   [<900000000481ad5c>] sock_recvmsg+0x7c/0xe0   [<900000000481e1a8>] __sys_recvfrom+0x108/0x1c0   [<900000000481e27c>] sys_recvfrom+0x1c/0x40   [<9000000004c076ec>] do_syscall+0x8c/0xc0   [<9000000003731da4>] handle_syscall+0xc4/0x160   Code: ...   ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---   Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception   Kernel relocated by 0x3510000    .text @ 0x9000000003710000    .data @ 0x9000000004d70000    .bss  @ 0x9000000006469400   ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception ]---   [...]  This crash happens every time when running sockmap_skb_verdict_shutdown subtest in sockmap_basic.  This crash is because a NULL pointer is passed to page_address() in the sk_msg_recvmsg(). Due to the different implementations depending on the architecture, page_address(NULL) will trigger a panic on Loongarch platform but not on x86 platform. So this bug was hidden on x86 platform for a while, but now it is exposed on Loongarch platform. The root cause is that a zero length skb (skb->len == 0) was put on the queue.  This zero length skb is a TCP FIN packet, which was sent by shutdown(), invoked in test_sockmap_skb_verdict_shutdown():  	shutdown(p1, SHUT_WR);  In this case, in sk_psock_skb_ingress_enqueue(), num_sge is zero, and no page is put to this sge (see sg_set_page in sg_set_page), but this empty sge is queued into ingress_msg list.  And in sk_msg_recvmsg(), this empty sge is used, and a NULL page is got by sg_page(sge). Pass this NULL page to copy_page_to_iter(), which passes it to kmap_local_page() and to page_address(), then kernel panics.  To solve this, we should skip this zero length skb. So in sk_msg_recvmsg(), if copy is zero, that means it's a zero length skb, skip invoking copy_page_to_iter(). We are using the EFAULT return triggered by copy_page_to_iter to check for is_fin in tcp_bpf.c.

## Where it's fixed

| Platform | Product | Fixed in | Fix | Released |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | bpftool amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | bpftool ol 8 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | bpftool ol 9 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | bpftool-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | dtb-aarch64 opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-64kb opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-64kb sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-azure opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.8.11.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3194-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3194-1.md) | Sep 10, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-azure sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.8.11.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3194-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3194-1.md) | Sep 10, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-debug opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-default opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-default sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-default-base opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1.150600.12.8.3 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-default-base sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1.150600.12.8.3 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-devel amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-docs opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-docs sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-headers amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-kvmsmall opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-libbpf amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-libbpf-devel amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-libbpf-static amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-livepatch-6.1.102-108.177 amzn 2023 | 1.0-0.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_2 sles 15.6 | 1-150600.1.3.2 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3195-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3195-1.md) | Sep 10, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_4 sles 15.6 | 1-150600.13.3.3 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-modules-extra amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-modules-extra-common amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-obs-build opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-obs-build sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-obs-qa opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-rt opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.10.8.3 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3195-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3195-1.md) | Sep 10, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-rt_debug opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.10.8.3 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3195-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3195-1.md) | Sep 10, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-source opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-source sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-source-azure opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.8.11.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3194-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3194-1.md) | Sep 10, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-source-azure sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.8.11.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3194-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3194-1.md) | Sep 10, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-source-rt opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.10.8.3 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3195-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3195-1.md) | Sep 10, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-syms opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-syms sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-syms-azure opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.8.11.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3194-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3194-1.md) | Sep 10, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-syms-azure sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.8.11.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3194-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3194-1.md) | Sep 10, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-syms-rt opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.10.8.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3195-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3195-1.md) | Sep 10, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-tools amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-tools-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-tools-devel amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek ol 8 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek ol 9 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-container ol 8 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-container ol 9 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-container-debug ol 8 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-container-debug ol 9 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-core ol 8 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-core ol 9 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-debug ol 8 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-debug ol 9 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-debug-core ol 8 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-debug-core ol 9 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-debug-devel ol 8 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-debug-devel ol 9 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-debug-modules ol 8 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-debug-modules ol 9 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-debug-modules-extra ol 8 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-debug-modules-extra ol 9 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-devel ol 8 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-devel ol 9 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-doc ol 8 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-doc ol 9 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-modules ol 8 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-modules ol 9 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-modules-extra ol 8 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-uek-modules-extra ol 9 | 0:5.15.0-210.163.7.el9uek | [ELSA-2024-12618](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/elsa-2024-12618.md) | Sep 12, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-zfcpdump opensuse-leap 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | kernel-zfcpdump sles 15.6 | 6.4.0-150600.23.22.1 | [SUSE-SU-2024:3383-1](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/suse-su-2024-3383-1.md) | Sep 23, 2024 |
| Linux | linux Debian 12.15 (bookworm) | 6.1.106-1 | [DEBIAN-CVE-2024-41048](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/debian-cve-2024-41048.md) | Jul 29, 2024 |
| Linux | linux Debian 13.5 (trixie) | 6.9.10-1 | [DEBIAN-CVE-2024-41048](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/debian-cve-2024-41048.md) | Jul 29, 2024 |
| Linux | linux Debian 14 | 6.9.10-1 | [DEBIAN-CVE-2024-41048](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/debian-cve-2024-41048.md) | Jul 29, 2024 |
| Linux | perf amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | perf-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | python3-perf amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |
| Linux | python3-perf-debuginfo amzn 2023 | 6.1.102-108.177.amzn2023 | [ALAS2023-2024-679](https://patchblox.com/security/data/fix/linux/alas2023-2024-679.md) | Aug 1, 2024 |

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Data as of 2026-11-09T13:31:49Z UTC. Source: Patchblox Patch Radar (https://patchblox.com/security/patch-radar). Patchblox finds out-of-date software on Windows, macOS and Linux and updates it through release rings: https://patchblox.com/demo

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